Hello everyone, We have so many questions in our minds with my friends but we couldn’t get the answers from docs and fuelGPT.
Let me list questions:
-What are the differences between parallel transactions in a few chains like Aptos, Sui etc. with UTXO model of Fuel.
-In the documentation, it says that predicates are stateless account abstraction but how is that even possible? Is there an example of that? We want to deep dive into predicates.
-We couldn’t find the architecture of predicates, where can we find it? They’re working off-chain if they are working off-chain how do nodes verify the transaction I sent to the predicate?
-And last but not least, how can I contact the fuel team, we really want to build some apps in Fuel but we’re not sure about what kind of apps fuel networks lack and we want to ask our questions directly.
Maybe a Depin App of sorts seems like they work? Gambling site?
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The differences between parallel transaction processing in chains like Aptos and Sui, when compared to the UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output) model used by Fuel, can be outlined as follows:
Sui and Aptos:
Fuel (UTXO Model):
-
UTXO Model:
- Fuel operates on a UTXO model, similar to Bitcoin, where each transaction consumes existing UTXOs and creates new ones. This model naturally supports parallel transaction processing because each UTXO is an independent entity, and transactions that use different UTXOs do not conflict with each other.
-
Execution Layer:
- Fuel aims to be an execution layer within a modular blockchain stack. It doesn’t implement consensus or store data on its chain but instead interacts with other chains for these purposes. This modularity allows for optimized parallel execution since the consensus and data availability layers can be separated and optimized independently.
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Access Lists:
- Fuel uses UTXOs to enforce strict access lists, where access to state modifications is controlled, facilitating parallel execution. This approach is based on classical transaction ordering but adapted for parallel processing through strict state access controls.
Key Differences:
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State Management:
- Aptos and Sui manage state more akin to memory in traditional computing, where state changes are tracked through a system that can handle concurrent modifications with mechanisms for conflict resolution or prevention.
- Fuel manages state through UTXOs, where the state change is the consumption and creation of UTXOs, inherently allowing for parallel execution due to the stateless nature of UTXO transactions.
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Transaction Model:
- In Sui and Aptos, transactions might need to declare state dependencies, which can lead to complex interdependencies if not managed correctly. They focus on reducing these dependencies through their design.
- Fuel’s UTXO model simplifies this by making each transaction an atomic operation on discrete, unspent outputs, reducing the need for complex dependency management for parallel execution.
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Scalability and Efficiency:
- Both models aim at scalability, but UTXOs in Fuel offer a natural way to parallelize transactions due to their design, potentially leading to simpler scalability solutions. However, handling complex smart contracts might require additional mechanisms in UTXO models.
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Privacy and Security:
- UTXO models inherently provide better privacy since each transaction can use different addresses, making it harder to link transactions to a single identity.
- Aptos and Sui might require different strategies or additional layers for privacy due to their account-based nature or explicit state manipulation declarations.
These differences reflect fundamental design choices in how these blockchains manage state, transaction processing, and consensus, tailored to enhance parallel execution while addressing unique challenges like smart contract support, privacy, and scalability.
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The Fuel Network introduces a unique programming paradigm through its use of predicates, which play a pivotal role in its architecture, especially in relation to its execution layer and the UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output) model. Here’s a detailed look at the architecture of predicates in the Fuel Network:
1. Definition and Purpose:
- Predicates in Fuel are stateless programs that evaluate to either
true or false. They serve as conditions for spending UTXOs. When a predicate evaluates to true, the transaction can proceed; otherwise, it’s invalid.
2. Key Features of Predicates:
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Stateless Execution: Predicates do not have access to or modify blockchain state. They operate based solely on the logic within their bytecode and the transaction data provided.
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Account Abstraction: Predicates enable a form of stateless account abstraction. They allow UTXOs to be spent under specified conditions without needing persistent storage or smart contracts, which contributes to minimizing state growth.
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Flexible Spending Conditions: This feature allows for complex transaction conditions to be set, like multi-signature requirements or conditional spending based on transaction outputs.
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Native Asset Handling: Predicates can be used for transactions involving any native asset on Fuel, not just the network’s own token, providing flexibility in asset management.
3. How Predicates Function:
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Predicate Address: Each predicate has an address, generated from its bytecode hash, which can receive and hold assets. This address functions similarly to a public key in traditional blockchains, but with conditions set by the predicate’s logic.
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Transaction Validation: When a transaction involving a predicate is proposed:
- The predicate’s bytecode is included in the transaction.
- The predicate’s logic is executed with the transaction’s input/output data.
- If the predicate returns
true, the transaction is valid, and the assets can be spent.
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Security and Validation: Predicates ensure that assets can only be moved under specific conditions without the need for traditional private key authentication. This can include scenarios where spending requires certain outputs, like in conditional payments or multi-party transactions.
4. Integration with UTXO Model:
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Parallel Transaction Processing: Fuel leverages the UTXO model for parallel execution. Predicates, being stateless, fit well into this model by allowing transactions to be processed concurrently if they do not conflict in terms of the UTXOs they spend.
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State Minimization: Since predicates do not maintain state, they do not contribute to state bloat, aligning with Fuel’s goal to manage blockchain scalability by reducing state growth.
5. Use Cases:
- Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs): Predicates can define conditions for order matching in a DEX, allowing for trustless swaps based on transaction outcomes.
- Conditional Transactions: Setting up transactions that only execute if certain conditions are met, like a certain amount of time has passed or another transaction has been executed.
- Multi-signature Wallets: Predicates can replace traditional multi-sig wallets by allowing assets to move only if multiple conditions or signatures are fulfilled.
6. Development and Tools:
- Predicates are part of the Sway programming language, designed for Fuel, which comes with tools like Forc (Fuel Orchestrator) for building and deploying predicates and other Sway programs.
This architecture allows Fuel to offer unique capabilities in terms of transaction flexibility, security, and scalability, making it a notable player in blockchain execution layers. Predicates, by their design, provide a powerful tool for developers to create complex, state-minimized decentralized applications.
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Thank you for your answers, I nearly have all the answers I want.
Awesome do you know if i can get my eth back from a bridge that didn’t link to my wallet? But says its sitting in a fuel bridge wallet? Thanks.